German, 11th-14th centuries, and later. Primarily used before the effective use of cannon. A forged iron spike with upturned spade shaped blade which was driven into the roots of trees surrounding castles and fortresses, many of which, particularly along the Danube, were perched on wooded cliffs. Assaults were on foot, setting ladder and mining the foundations of walls to set fires. The foot irons were concealed just under the soil or covered with leaves. When stepped on, they produced a wound which often resulted in a fatal infection in field conditions. This example is 3 ¾” long and forged with arrow shaped point. Stable excavated condition.